Identifier
F:chu-vandermonde-convolution
Proof route
cas-certificate
External status
proved
Axiom footprint
cas.exact-rational-polynomial-normal-form, cas.gamma-functional-equation, cas.hyperterm-specification-denotes-the-summand, cas.telescoped-term-natural-boundary, cas.symbolic-gamma-arguments-avoid-poles

Recorded description

For symbolic m and n and every integer p >= 0, sum over all integers k of C(m,k)*C(n,p-k) = C(m+n,p). The recurrence (p+1)*S(p+1) = (m+n-p)*S(p) is F:chu-vandermonde-convolution-recurrence; what is added here is the base case S(0) = 1 at SYMBOLIC m and n, decided rather than sampled, which closes the induction.

Formal statement
(define-hyperterm F (* (gamma (+ m 1)) (/ 1 (gamma (+ k 1))) (/ 1 (gamma (+ (- m k) 1)))
                       (gamma (+ n 1)) (/ 1 (gamma (+ (- p k) 1))) (/ 1 (gamma (+ (- n (- p k)) 1)))))
(define-hyperterm T (* (gamma (+ (+ m n) 1)) (/ 1 (gamma (+ p 1))) (/ 1 (gamma (+ (- (+ m n) p) 1)))))
(define-fn S (lambda (p) (sum ((k Int)) F)))
(assert (forall ((m Int) (n Int) (p Int)) (=> (>= p 0) (= (S p) T))))

Dependencies

The graph shows direct ledger edges. Follow a node to open its artifact page.

Direct dependencies appear to the left. The current fact is in the center. Facts that depend directly on it appear to the right. The Chu-Vandermonde convolution Current fact
1 direct dependencies 0 direct dependents

Evidence

wz-chu-vandermonde-closed-form

Kind
witness-replay
Status
checked

Supports: the creative-telescoping certificate plus the symbolic base case, both replayed by a checker that shares no code with the search that produced them

Checker command
cargo test -p axeyum-cas --test telescoping_identities chu_vandermonde_convolution
Evidence notes

The base case is DECIDED, not sampled. At p = 0 two Gamma factors of the summand become parameter-free -- Gamma(k+1)^-1 forces k >= 0 and Gamma(-k+1)^-1 forces k <= 0 -- so the support of F(0, .) is the single point k = 0, and every other point of the scanned window [-2, 12] is CHECKED to vanish rather than assumed. At k = 0 the surviving Gamma powers cancel pairwise (Gamma(m+1) against Gamma(m+1)^-1, Gamma(n+1) against Gamma(n+1)^-1), leaving the rational 1 for every value of m and n. The claimed closed form C(m+n,p) evaluates the same way to 1. The leading recurrence coefficient -(p+1) has no integer zero at or above 0, decided by the rational-root theorem, so the recurrence runs forward. Tamper controls in the same file: 2*C(m+n,p) (right ratio, wrong symbolic base) is rejected by the base case; C(m+n,p+1) (right base value, wrong ratio) by the annihilation check; C(m+n,p)*Gamma(m+1) is refused as not comparable to a rational rather than silently compared; and a window that does not STRICTLY contain the forced support is rejected.

cas-certificate-artifact-chu-vandermonde-convolution

Kind
witness-replay
Status
checked

Supports: the serialised certificate itself, re-checked from the committed file with no search run

Checker command
cargo test -p axeyum-cas --test telescoping_certificate_artifacts
Evidence notes

This row exists so the fact rests on an ARTIFACT rather than on re-running the producer. The sweep reads every committed certificate, parses it, and hands it to the independent checker; nothing in that path calls the search. Tamper controls in the same file: a certificate numerator edited by one, a recurrence coefficient edited by one, and a certificate re-pointed at a neighbouring file's summand are each rejected, and a truncated / foreign-format / decimal-bearing file is refused by the reader before the checker sees it.

Provenance

{
  "date": "2026-08-14",
  "established_by": "lane telescoping-scale: axeyum_cas::telescoping::zeilberger (untrusted Gosper-Petkovsek search) + axeyum_cas::telescoping_check (independent checker)",
  "source": "classical binomial identity, stated by this lane as a HyperTerm specification",
  "prior_art": [
    {
      "who": "Chu Shih-Chieh; Vandermonde",
      "what": "the convolution identity",
      "year": 1772,
      "where": "classical; see Petkovsek-Wilf-Zeilberger, A=B (1996), ch. 4-7",
      "attribution": "standard textbook attribution; this lane did not consult the primary source"
    }
  ]
}