Law of excluded middle

Identifier: F:excluded-middle
Proof route: smt-term-level
External status: proved
Axiom footprint: axeyum-ir.bool-evaluator, classical-two-valued-bool-semantics

Recorded description

For every proposition p, p or (not p) holds.

Formal statement

(assert (or p (not p)))

Dependencies

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0 direct dependencies 2 direct dependents

Evidence

excluded-middle-term-level

Kind: exhaustive-enumeration
Status: checked

Supports: For every proposition p, p or (not p) holds.

Checker command

test "$(cargo run -q -p axeyum-bench --example smtcomp_cli -- --evidence artifacts/facts/smt2/neg-excluded-middle.smt2 2>/dev/null | tail -1)" = unsat

Evidence notes

Ran 2026-08-14: the file asserts the NEGATION of formal.statement and the solver reported `unsat` with `kind=unsat-term-level certified=1 arena=ok`. `unsat-term-level` is exhaustive evaluation of the 2 Boolean assignments by the axeyum-ir evaluator alone -- it trusts neither the bit-blaster, the CNF encoder, nor the SAT solver. `arena=ok` means Evidence::check re-ran that enumeration against a FRESH PARSE of the file, independent of anything the producing solve held in memory. Independently cross-checked: `z3 -smt2` on the same file also reports `unsat`.

Provenance

{
  "date": "2026-08-14",
  "established_by": "facts-logic lane, axeyum SAT/SMT front door",
  "source": "authored from the S:logic-and-proof strand of the math-education concept graph; statement written here, not copied",
  "prior_art": [
    {
      "citation": "Aristotle, Metaphysics, Book IV",
      "establishes": "the principle as a law of classical logic",
      "attribution": "standard textbook attribution; this lane did not consult the primary source, and records the citation as the received one"
    },
    {
      "citation": "L. E. J. Brouwer (1908), 'De onbetrouwbaarheid der logische principes'",
      "establishes": "that the principle is rejected in intuitionistic mathematics, which is why the axiom footprint of this fact is not empty",
      "attribution": "standard textbook attribution; this lane did not consult the primary source, and records the citation as the received one"
    }
  ]
}